G6PD Deficiency Association

Drugs that should be avoided

甲狀腺機能亢進症是最常見的內分泌器官疾病。

The immune system is the body’s defense against infection and cancer. It is made up of billions of cells that are divided into several different types.

Lymphocytes, a subtype of white blood cells, comprise a major portion of the immune system. There are three types of lymphocytes

免疫系統的T細胞 (T lymphocytes，T cells) 表面存在許多的受體，這些受體依照 與其相對應的配體 (ligand) 結合後的免疫反應而分為兩群，一群為正向的活化免疫系 統之受體 (co-stimulatory receptors) 如 CD28 (cluster of differentiation 28；白血球分化抗 原28)、OX40 (TNF receptor superfamily member 4; TNFRSF4又名CD134)、4-1BB (TNF receptor superfamily 9) 等，另一群為負向的抑制免疫系統之受體 (co-inhibitory receptors) 如 CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4)、PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)、LAG-3 (lymphocyte activation gene 3；又名 CD223) 等，這些調控T細胞免疫反應之 活化或抑制的所有訊號統稱為免疫檢查點 (immune checkpoint)。T細胞上的免疫檢查 點是調控免疫反應的重要機制，藉由活化免疫系統可對抗外來或異體的抗原，以及抑 制免疫系統來維持自我耐受性 (self tolerance) 避免自體免疫傷害，最後維持免疫平衡 (immune homeostasis)

Q、為什麼人體原來的免疫系統無法攻擊腫瘤細胞？